HERBS AND SPICES

HERBS AND SPICES
A

* Ajwain, carom seeds (Trachyspermum ammi) (South Asia, Afghanistan, Iran, Egypt, Eritrea & Ethiopia)
* Akudjura (Solanum centrale) (Australia)
* Alexanders (Smyrnium olusatrum)
* Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa)
* Alkanet (Alkanna tinctoria), for red color
* Alligator pepper, mbongo spice (mbongochobi), hepper pepper (Aframomum danielli, A. citratum, A. exscapum) (West Africa)
* Allspice (Pimenta dioica)
* Aloe (Aloe perryi; Aloe barbadensis; Aloe ferox)
* Angelica (Angelica archangelica)
* Anise (Pimpinella anisum)
* Aniseed myrtle (Syzygium anisatum) (Australia)
* Annatto (Bixa orellana)
* Arugula (Eruca sativa)
* Apple mint (Mentha suaveolens)
* Asafoetida (Ferula assafoetida)
* Asarabacca (Asarum europaeum)
* Avens (Geum urbanum)
* Avocado Leaf (Peresea americana)

B

* Barberry (Berberis vulgaris and other Berberis spp)
* Basil (Ocimum basilicum)
* Basil, Lemon (Ocimum × citriodorum)
* Basil, Thai (O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora)
* Bay Leaf (Laurus nobilis)
* Bergamot (Monarda didyma)
* Boldo (Peumus boldus)
* Borage (Borago officinalis)
* Black Cardamom (Amomum subulatum, Amomum costatum)
* Black Mustard (Brassica nigra)
* Blue Fenugreek, Blue melilot (Trigonella caerulea)
* Brown Mustard (Brassica juncea)
C

* Calabash Nutmeg, Ehuru (Monodora myristica) (West Africa)
* Calendula, Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis)
* Camphor Laurel (Cinnamomum camphora)
* Capers (Capparis spinosa)
* Caraway (Carum carvi)
* Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum)
* Carob (Ceratonia siliqua)
* Catnip (Nepeta cataria)
* Cassia (Cinnamomum aromaticum)
* Cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum)
* Celery seed (Apium graveolens)
* Chervil (Anthriscus cerefolium)
* Chicory (Cichorium intybus)
* Chili pepper (Capsicum spp.)
* Chipotle (Capsicum annuum)
* Chives (Allium schoenoprasum)
* Cicely, Sweet Cicely (Myrrhis odorata)
* Cilantro, Coriander Greens, Coriander Herb (Coriandrum sativum)
* Cinnamon, Indonesian (Cinnamomum burmannii, Cassia vera)
* Cinnamon, Saigon or Vietnamese (Cinnamomum loureiroi)
* Cinnamon, True or Ceylon (Cinnamomum verum, C. zeylanicum)
* Cinnamon, White (Canella winterana)
* Cinnamon Myrtle (Backhousia myrtifolia) (Australia)
* Clary, Clary Sage (Salvia sclarea)
* Clove (Syzygium aromaticum)
* Coriander seed (Coriandrum sativum)
* Costmary (Tanacetum balsamita)
* Cuban Oregano (Plectranthus amboinicus)
* Cubeb pepper (Piper cubeba)
* Cudweed (Gnaphalium spp.) (Vietnam)
* Culantro, Culangot, Long Coriander (Eryngium foetidum)
* Cumin (Cuminum cyminum)
* Curry Leaf (Murraya koenigii)
* Curry Plant (Helichrysum italicum)

D

* Dill seed (Anethum graveolens)
* Dill herb or weed (Anethum graveolens)

E

* Elderflower (Sambucus spp.)
* Epazote (Chenopodium ambrosioides)

F

* Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)
* Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum)
* Filé powder, gumbo filé (Sassafras albidum)
* Fingerroot, krachai, temu kuntji (Boesenbergia rotunda)

G

* Galangal, greater (Alpinia galanga)
* Galangal, lesser (Alpinia officinarum)
* Galingale (Cyperus spp.)
* Gambooge, Goraka (Garcinia gummi-gutta) (India)
* Garlic chives (Allium tuberosum)
* Garlic (Allium sativum)
* Garlic, Elephant (Allium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum)
* Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
* Ginger, Torch, Bunga Siantan (Etlingera elatior) (Indonesia)
* Golpar, Persian hogweed (Heracleum persicum) (Iran)
* Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica)
* Grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta)
* Grains of Selim, Kani Pepper (Xylopia aethiopica)
* Ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea)

H

* Hops (Humulus lupulus)
* Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana)
* Houttuynia (Houttuynia cordata) (Vietnam)
* Huacatay, Mexican Marigold, Mint Marigold (Tagetes minuta)
* Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis)

I

* Indonesian Bay-Leaf, Daun salam (Eugenia polyantha[citation needed], Syzygium polyanthum)

J

* Jasmine flowers (Jasminum spp.)
* Jimbu (Allium hypsistum) (Nepal)
* Juniper berry (Juniperus communis)

K

* Kaffir Lime Leaves, Makrud Lime Leaves (Citrus hystrix) (Southeast Asia)
* Kala Jeera, Black Cumin (Bunium persicum) (South Asia)
* Kencur, Galangal, Kentjur (Kaempferia galanga)
* Keluak, kluwak, kepayang (Pangium edule)
* Kokam seed (Garcinia indica) (Indian confectionery)
* Korarima, Ethiopian cardamom, false cardamom (Aframomum corrorima) (Eritrea)
* Koseret (Lippia adoensis) (Ethiopia)

L

* Lavender (Lavandula spp.)
* Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)
* Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus, C. flexuosus, and other Cymbopogon spp.)
* Lemon Ironbark (Eucalyptus staigeriana) (Australia)
* Lemon Myrtle (Backhousia citriodora) (Australia)
* Lemon Verbena (Lippia citriodora)
* Lesser Calamint (Calamintha nepeta), nipitella, nepitella (Italy)
* Liquorice, Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
* Lime Flower, Linden flower (Tilia spp.)
* Lovage (Levisticum officinale)

M

* Mace (Myristica fragrans)
* Mahlab, St. Lucie Cherry (Prunus mahaleb)
* Malabathrum, Tejpat (Cinnamomum tamala)
* Marjoram (Origanum majorana)
* Marsh Mallow (Althaea officinalis)
* Mastic (Pistacia lentiscus)
* Mesquite (Prosopis spp.)
* Mint (Mentha spp.) 25 species, hundreds of varieties
* Musk mallow, Abelmosk (Abelmoschus moschatus)
* Mustard, Black, Mustard plant, Mustard seed (Brassica nigra)
* Mustard, Brown, Mustard plant, Mustard seed (Brassica juncea)
* Mustard, White, Mustard plant, Mustard seed (Sinapis alba)

N

* Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus)
* Nigella, Kalonji, Black caraway, Black onion seed (Nigella sativa)
* Njangsa, Djansang (Ricinodendron heudelotii) (West Africa)
* Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans)

O

* Olida (Eucalyptus olida) (Australia)
* Oregano (Origanum vulgare, O. heracleoticum, and other species)
* Orris root (Iris germanica, I. florentina, I. pallida)

P

* Pandan flower, Kewra (Pandanus odoratissimus)
* Pandan leaf, Screwpine (Pandanus amaryllifolius)
* Paprika (Capsicum annuum)
* Paracress (Spilanthes acmella, Soleracea) (Brazil)
* Parsley (Petroselinum crispum)
* Pepper: black, white, and green (Piper nigrum)
* Pepper, Dorrigo (Tasmannia stipitata) (Australia)
* Pepper, Long (Piper longum)
* Pepper, Mountain, Cornish Pepper Leaf (Tasmannia lanceolata)
* Peppermint (Mentha piperata)
* Peppermint Gum leaf (Eucalyptus dives)
* Perilla, Shiso (Perilla spp.)
* Pink Pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius)
* Piper sarmentosum (Southeast Asia)

Q

* Quassia (Quassia amara) (bitter spice in aperitifs, and some beers and fortified wines)

R

* Ramsons, wood garlic (Allium ursinum)
* Rice Paddy Herb (Limnophila aromatica) (Vietnam)
* Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)
* Rue (Ruta graveolens)

S

* Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), for yellow color
* Saffron (Crocus sativus)
* Sage (Salvia officinalis)
* Saigon Cinnamon (Cinnamomum loureiroi)
* Salad Burnet (Sanguisorba minor)
* Salep (Orchis mascula)
* Sassafras (Sassafras albidum)
* Savory, Summer (Satureja hortensis)
* Savory, Winter (Satureja montana)
* Silphium, Silphion, Laser, laserpicium, lasarpicium (Roman cuisine, Ancient Greek cuisine)
* Sorrel (Rumex acetosa)
* Sorrel, French (Rumex scutatus)
* Sorrel, Sheep's (Rumex acetosella)
* Spearmint (Mentha spicata)
* Spikenard (Nardostachys grandiflora or N. jatamansi)
* Star anise (Illicium verum)
* Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica)
* Sumac (Rhus coriaria)
* Sweet woodruff (Galium odoratum)
* Szechuan pepper, Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum piperitum)

T

* Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus)
* Thyme (Thymus vulgaris)
* Thyme, Lemon (Thymus × citriodorus)
* Turmeric (Curcuma longa)

V

* Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia)
* Vietnamese Balm (Elsholtzia ciliata)
* Vietnamese Cinnamon (Cinnamomum loureiroi)
* Vietnamese Coriander (Persicaria odorata)

W

* Wasabi (Wasabia japonica)
* Water-pepper, Smartweed (Polygonum hydropiper)
* Watercress (Rorippa nasturtium-aquatica)
* Wattleseed (from c. 120 spp. of Australian Acacia)
* White Mustard (Sinapis alba)
* Wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum)
* Willow herb (Epilobium parviflorum)
* Winter savory (Satureja montana)
* Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens)
* Wood Avens, Herb Bennet (Geum urbanum)
* Woodruff (Galium odoratum)
* Wormwood, Absinthe (Artemisia absinthium)